Insulation refers to materials used to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, or electricity between different areas, enhancing comfort and energy efficiency. In buildings, insulation helps maintain a consistent indoor temperature by minimizing heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer. It also improves acoustic comfort by dampening sound. Common types of insulation include fiberglass, foam, and mineral wool, which are installed in walls, ceilings, and floors to optimize energy use and create a more comfortable living or working environment.